Wedding at Cana

Second Luminous Mystery

The Wedding at Cana

It Takes Three to Marry — and Mary Leads Us to Him

John 2:1-11 Fruit: To Jesus Through Mary
The Wedding at Cana

Jesus is the most important person in a marriage, as Venerable Fulton Sheen so memorably put it:

"It takes three to make love; not two: you, your spouse, and God." Venerable Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen, Three to Get Married

Sheen means by "love" here nothing merely romantic or sexual, but the whole ordered ascent of love that finds its summit in charity, as we will see below. His point is that Love itself, which is God, must be the third and primary person in every marriage. Husband and wife are the lover and the beloved; the Love that binds and sustains them is Christ. Just as a marriage will fail without Him, this wedding feast would have failed without Him. And it is no coincidence that this passage in the Gospel of St. John shows the intercessory place of the Blessed Virgin Mary before her Son, on behalf of the bride's parents and, through them, on behalf of us.

🙏 The Mystery of Intercession

The Blessed Virgin Mary was approached on behalf of the wedding, and she in turn approached Jesus. This help from Christ is the first public miracle that began His public ministry, and it came at His mother's asking. That is the pattern of intercession, and Cana teaches its whole grammar.

When we pray, whether to the Father in the Name of Jesus, or to Jesus directly, or to the Blessed Virgin Mary that she pray to Jesus for us, there are levels of intercession at work:

Praying to the Father in Jesus' Name
Jesus Himself is interceding for us, our great High Priest before the Father.
Praying to Jesus for someone else
We are interceding for them, bringing their need to the Lord as Mary brought the wedding's need.
Praying to Jesus for ourselves
We intercede for ourselves, yet never alone, in union with the prayers of the saints, our patrons, and our guardian angel.
Asking the saints to pray for us
We ask their prayers, for "the continual prayer of a just man availeth much" (James 5:16), and none are more just than those already in heaven.

The Rosary itself is all of this at once: meditation on the life and mysteries of Christ, the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, prayer to Jesus that He act in our lives, and prayer to the Father in praise, worship, and adoration.

🍷 Water Made Wine: Matter Obeys Its Author

There is a second light in this mystery, and it answers the modern world directly. The materialist imagines a closed universe, a sealed box of matter and law where nothing from outside can reach in. Cana quietly dismantles that picture. The same Christ who at Mary's word makes wine from water is the One who holds that water in being at every instant.

St. Thomas

Because God is Ipsum Esse Subsistens, subsistent Being itself, He is not one cause among the causes inside the world but the very ground that sustains the whole of it. So when the water becomes wine, the Author is not breaking into a system from outside; He is acting freely within His own work. The miracle is not magic upon inert stuff, it is the Maker doing as He wills with what He upholds, and here He does it at the asking of His mother.

There is a typology in the vessels too. The six stone jars were set there "according to the manner of the purifying of the Jews," the water of the old ritual washings. Christ fills them and makes them wine, the old purifications giving way to the new wine of the Gospel. Six, the number that falls just short of the Sabbath seven, is brought to its fullness in Him.

🍇 From the Wine That Runs Dry to the Wine Kept Until Now

The Greeks had four words where English has one, and a wedding gathers them all. There is storge, the quiet affection of family and the familiar; philia, the love of friends who choose one another; and eros, the desiring love of the bride and the bridegroom. These are the natural loves, and they are good. But left to themselves they are the wine at Cana: real, warm, and finite, and sooner or later the cry goes up, "they have no wine." The honeymoon's sweetness fades, affection cools, friendship is tested, and desire alone cannot carry a marriage to the end.

Then Christ acts. He does not throw out the water of the natural loves; He fills the jars to the brim and transforms what is already there. So too He raises storge, philia, and eros into agape, the self-giving love that is charity, the love that "seeketh not her own" and lays itself down for the beloved. This is the wine the steward marvels at, the good wine kept until now. Natural love, poured full and touched by Christ, becomes the supernatural love of God Himself.

The pattern of the mystery
Water into wine, the natural loves into agape, the old purifications into the new covenant. Cana is one miracle told three ways, and every telling says the same thing: Christ takes what is good by nature and raises it to what is holy by grace.
🌱 The Fruit of the Mystery
Fruit of the Second Luminous Mystery
To Jesus Through Mary

The fruit of this mystery is to go to Jesus through Mary. To some of my Protestant readers this may not sit easily, as though Mary were an obstacle placed before Christ. But as we have seen, it is simply intercession.

Think of it this way
Growing up, when we went to a friend's house, we didn't barge straight in and go to our friend; we went to their mom or dad and asked for them. The parent was never an obstacle. The parent was the gateway to your friend. The Blessed Virgin Mary is the gateway to our friend, Jesus Christ.
📿 A Scriptural Rosary for This Mystery

Pray each verse, then the Ave Maria, letting St. John's account of the first sign carry the decade.

The Second Luminous Mystery: The Wedding at Cana
Pater Noster
John 2:1 And the third day, there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee: and the mother of Jesus was there.
Ave Maria …
John 2:2 And Jesus also was invited, and his disciples, to the marriage.
Ave Maria …
John 2:3 And the wine failing, the mother of Jesus saith to him: They have no wine.
Ave Maria …
John 2:4 And Jesus saith to her: Woman, what is that to me and to thee? My hour is not yet come.
Ave Maria …
John 2:5 His mother saith to the waiters: Whatsoever he shall say to you, do ye.
Ave Maria …
John 2:6 Now there were set there six waterpots of stone, according to the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three measures apiece.
Ave Maria …
John 2:7 Jesus saith to them: Fill the waterpots with water. And they filled them up to the brim.
Ave Maria …
John 2:8 And Jesus saith to them: Draw out now and carry to the chief steward of the feast. And they carried it.
Ave Maria …
John 2:9 And when the chief steward had tasted the water made wine, and knew not whence it was, but the waiters knew who had drawn the water; the chief steward calleth the bridegroom,
Ave Maria …
John 2:10 And saith to him: Every man at first setteth forth good wine, and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse. But thou hast kept the good wine until now.
Ave Maria …
O My Jesus …
Gloria Patri …
📖 A Note on "What Is That to Me?"

Christ's words to His mother in verse 4 have struck some readers as harsh. The Douay-Rheims commentary answers that objection well.

Douay-Rheims commentary [John 2:4]
These words of our Savior, spoken to his mother, have been understood by some commentators as harsh, they not considering the next following verse: "Whatsoever he shall say to you, do ye," which plainly shews that his mother knew of the miracle that he was to perform, and that it was at her request he wrought it; besides the manner of speaking the words as to the tone, and the countenance shewn at the same time, which could only be known to those who were present. For words indicating anger in one tone of voice would be understood quite the reverse in another. (commentary on drbo.org)
My commentary on the commentary
The same conclusion follows by simple deduction. The Blessed Virgin Mary may not have known that Jesus would turn water into wine, nor precisely how He would answer. But she asked something of her Son knowing full well that He could, and knowing He would do something at her request on behalf of her friends. So when He said "what is that to me?" it was no admonition, but an opening: the moment for Him to begin His public ministry and set about His mission.

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